The dot product in the equation ensures that only the component of the magnetic field perpendicular to the surface contributes to the magnetic flux. dA is the differential area vector (measured in square meters, m²).B is the magnetic field vector (measured in Tesla, T).
Φ is the magnetic flux (measured in Weber, Wb).Mathematically, magnetic flux (Φ) is defined as the surface integral of the magnetic field (B) over an area (A). It is a scalar quantity that helps describe the overall effect of a magnetic field on a surface or within a closed loop, such as a wire coil in the case of electromagnetic induction. Magnetic flux is a fundamental concept in electromagnetism that represents the total magnetic field that passes through a given area, taking into account both the strength of the magnetic field and the orientation of the field lines with respect to the surface.
